Have you cleaned dpf? Change oil to 5w-40 or 10w-40
From your other related post; bearing / journal clearance needs to be measured. Have a look at Plastigauge.
Well, without knowing status of oil pressure regulating valve it's impossible to state anything meaningful.
So you don't know what kind of "oil" was in the engine? Something significantly thicker than normal to mask the issue as suggested by @ryan944 above?
I'm afraid you need to disassemble the engine more - measure crankshaft bearings as suggested by @DXX
Not unusual for people to use an oil additive to increase viscosity if a crankshaft seal is leaking. Happened to a friend of mine with a Land Rover Discovery, I had the pleasure of watching the private seller make the bank transfer for the repair cost with a damp stain in his trousers.
Thanks for the replies. I contacted the car seller, and he said there were no additives, and the oil was 5W-30. I don't know if he's telling the truth. The test was performed on both the old and new sensors and the valve. The VCDS test passed fine both before and after replacing them with new ones from the dealership. Now I have new sensors, valve, and oil pump. The bearings were checked, but only visually. I'm wondering if some carbon deposits from the oil filter base could have fallen into the bypass, perhaps blocking it or leaving it open? I should disassemble the oil cooler and inspect it, or replace it with a working, tested one. What do you think about the oil cooler? Could this also be a symptom of something wrong?
As mentioned above multiple times the bearings and journals cannot be evaluated by looking, the best method without making an investment in micrometers is to use Plastigauge.
I'm not sure the engine Basic Settings actually has internal acceptance criteria. Usually the "success" is just that the test procedure did run correctly but no actual evaluation if the measurements were according to specification.
